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Adapted from: Panciera, M. T. and G. A. Jung. Bahia grass and St. Augustine grass are found primarily in the Gulf States where the soil is sandy and the air is salty. Normally, a well managed, vigorous stand should not have a broadleaf weed problem. If you live in a coastal area in the South, this grass can provide you with a beautiful, low-maintenance lawn. Find everything you need to know about grass and grass seed at Scotts. A selective herbicide targets only weeds listed on the label and won’t harm your grass. Niagara is a variety that is especially adapted to Northeast conditions. In ideal conditions, warm-season grasses can establish and reach a height of 5 feet in the year of establishment. Warm-season grasses grow best when temperatures are between 75-90°F and do most of their growing in the summer. It is important to evaluate the stands at the end of the seeding year. However, if they must be seeded in a poorly drained site, switchgrass is more tolerant than is big bluestem. Stands which appear poor at the end of the first year usually develop into good stands the second year. Warm-season grasses are originally from tropical regions, which is why they thrive in the scorching sun and high temperatures of the Southern US. However, on sites with low fertility, good weed control, and a good stand of grass, apply 25 to 30 lb N per acre. Unlike their cool-season counterparts, warm-season grasses love the heat. Many warm season grasses are colorful and have large seed heads which provide food for a variety of species. This characteristic provides wild- On established stands, apply 75 lb nitrogen per acre annually in May when plants are less than 8 inches tall. Centipede grass is found primarily in the Southeast and is popular as a low-maintenance grass. The warm-season variety can resist drought conditions and a good percentage of their growth happens in the summer heat. World rights reserved. Strategies for warm-season grasses. Some warm-season grasses do well there due to the hot, dry summers, as do some cool-season grasses, like tall fescue, because of the cold winters. Explore which grasses thrive where you live and how to maintain a green lawn through the winter months. The most commonly planted are big bluestem, little bluestem, Indiangrass, side oats grama and switchgrass. Get notified when we have news, courses, or events of interest to you. There are many native warm-season grasses available. Whether you are just starting out, maintaining or troubleshooting, you'll find advice and answers here for all your lawn care needs. It's not hard to plant a beautiful St. Augustine lawn on your own when you follow these tips from Scotts. Warm-season grasses like it hotter (between 80 and 95 degrees F). In frost-free climates, these warm-season grasses may stay green year-round, but when temperatures drop below 65 F, root growth slows and grasses enter dormancy. They can be planted on a variety of sites, including back yards, crop fields, and pastures. Warm-season grasses are best suited for lower and middle South regions which includes the Coastal areas from Virginia south to Georgia and west through Alabama to Texas. That way, homeowners can enjoy a green lawn all winter long. Corn silage. Although recognized as a summer component of a pasture system, warm-season grasses can be harvested and stored as hay. Liveweight gains of 2.5 lb per day have been obtained when steers grazed warm-season grasses. While warm-season grasses are normally harvested twice or grazed for a short period of time during the late summer, they produce relatively high yields (Table 2). Successful spring seedings have also been made by no-tilling warm-season grasses into a small grain crop that has been killed with a herbicide. That said, if the temperature drops below about 65 degrees, warm season grass will turn brown and go dormant. Warm-season grasses usually brown up some by fall or winter, but still can add winter interest in a garden. Broadleaf weeds can be controlled with herbicides when the grasses are seedlings. Being annual plants, they are expensive because land must be prepared and seeded annually. They are often called southern grasses because they grow best in hot summer areas and lack the winter hardiness of the cool-season grasses. If broadcast seeded or drilled without press wheels, rolling or cultipacking after seeding is necessary to assure a good firm seedbed. Their peak growing time is mid-summer when the temperatures are the hottest. Warm-season grasses including maize • Cool-season grasses • Warm-season legumes • Cool-season legumes • Brassicas. Do not apply nitrogen in early spring. Tall fescue is especially well suited for the Transition Zone because of its high heat and drought tolerance. Prepared by Marvin H. Hall, assistant professor of agronomy. St. Augustine grass, despite its coarse leaves, is favored in warm, humid climates for its ability to tolerate shade and salt. The previous seasons growth usually browns out in the fall requiring the cutting back of plants to about 4-6 inches in the spring. Often, cool-season and warm-season species are used in combinations to provide forage throughout much of the year. Warm season grass species include Bahiagrass, bermudagrass, carpetgrass, St. Augustine and zoysiagrass. With proper management, stands in Pennsylvania have remained productive for 20 years. Why do we need this? The main wildlife benefit of native warm season grasses … Warm season grasses are planted in the spring when all danger … If you have sowed or are sowing this marvellous warm-season grass on an inland soil the best legumes to match it with are Lucerne, barrel medics, Serradella, subterranean clover and woolly pod vetch. The four main warm-season turf grasses are Bermuda grass, St. Augustine grass, Zoysia grass and centipede grass. Drought-tolerant warm-season grasses have the ability to survive on little water during these peak growing times. The Transition Zone is an overlap area. Weeds can be very detrimental in the seeding year because of the slow growth of warm-season grass seedlings. This type of herbicide falls into two main categories: selective and post emergent. However, they’re able to thrive in summer heat that would otherwise fry the cool-season grasses. My cool-season grasses, such as the tall Calamagrostis acutiflora, Karl Foerster feather reed grass, are perennial and go dormant in the winter and start growing late winter or early spring again. Warm-season grasses establish relatively slow, however, if they are properly managed, a stand of warm-season grasses can last for many years. The major grasses in this category are bahia grass, bermuda grass, centipede grass, St. Augustine grass, and zoysia grass. However, some warm-season grasses also grow well there because of the hot, dry summers. Primary growth of the warm-season grasses is in mid-summer (65-75 percent ) and can be used to complement a cool-season grass forage program. Later seedings are slower to establish, yield less, and have more weed infestation the year after seeding (Table 1). Warm season turf identification In general, northern areas of Australia can grow warmer season grasses quite well throughout the year. Find out how to grow a new lawn or repair the one you have. Meanwhile, among the warm-season types, Bermuda grass, centipedegrass, and zoysiagrass are cold-tolerant enough to be grown there. Many warm season grasses are colorful and have large seed heads which can provide food for some wildlife species. Trailblazer, a variety selected for increased digestibility and palatability, does not persist well under Pennsylvania conditions. Bermuda grass, centipede grass, and zoysia grass are the main warm-season grasses grown in the Transition Zone. Mowing weeds to reduce shading may be beneficial and should be done at a height above the grass seedlings and not later than early August. Switchgrass establishment by conservation tillage: Planting date response of two varieties. In digestibility trials conducted at Penn State over a three-year period, warm-season grasses were 65 percent digestible and orchardgrass was 68 percent digestible. Their establishment and management requirements are quite different from cool-season grasses. Compiled from Penn State, USDA-Pasture Laboratory, and USDA-SCS reports from 1982 through 1993. They offer higher quality (digestibility) grazing than perennial warm-season plants, but their production period is shorter. 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